27883 ce2		
Chronology 200ce-640ce (conversion era)
last revision: 16Feb94
Source:   Paul Harvey <pharvey@quack.kfu.com>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

200: Mishnah, Torah teachings, Halakhah (Oral Law), by Hillel/Akiva/Meir/Judah
200: Bishop of Antioch notes Gospel of Peter (see 65?) being used in Cilicia
200-300: period of Neo-Platonism: developed in Alexandria, last of Greek
  philosophies, [Hermetica, Sir Walter Scott, ISBN:0-87773-338-4] (see 270)
200?: Papyrus 66: 2nd Bodmer, John, 1956, "Alexandrian/Western" text-types: Jn
  1:1-6:11,35-7:52;8:12-14:26,29-30;15:2-26;16:2-4,6-7,10-20:20,22-23,25-21:9
200?: Papyrus 75: Bodmer 14-15, Luke & John, earliest extant Luke, ~Vaticanus;
  Lk3:18-22,33-4:2,34-5:10,37-6:4,10-7:32,35-39,41-43,46-9:2,4-17:15,19-18:18;
  22:4-24:53;  Jn1:1-7:52;8:12-11:45,48-57;12:3-13:1,8-9;14:8-30;15:7-8
200?: Papyrus 46: 2nd Chester Beatty, "Alexandrian" text-type: Rm5:17-6:3,5-14
  ;8:15-25,27-35,37-9:32;10:1-11:22,24-33,35-15:9,11-16:27;Hb1:1-9:16,18-10:20
  ,22-30,32-13:25;1Cr1:1-9:2,4-14:14,16-15:15,17-16:22;2Cr1:1-11:10,12-21,23-
  13:13;Ep1:1-2:7,10-5:6,8-6:6,8,20-24;Gl1:1-8,10-2:9,12-21;3:2-29;4:2-18,20-5
  :17,20-6:8,10-18;Ph1:1,5-15,17-28,30-2:12,14-27,29-3:8,10-21;4:2-12,14-23;Cl
  1:1-2,5-13,16-24,27-2:19,23-3:11,13-24;4:3-12,16-18;1Th1:1,9-2:3;5:5-9,23-28
200?: Papyrus 32: J. Rylands Library: Titus 1:11-15;2:3-8
200?: Papyrus 64 (+67): Mt3:9,15;5:20-22,25-28;26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31-33
200?: Old Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, Syr(s) & Syr(c), of "Western" text-type
200?: Latin Bible translations begun in Carthage?, originals no longer extant
200?: Sahidic Coptic cop(sa) Bible translations written in Alexendria
200?: Theodotion, Greek convert to Judaism, makes revision of LXX (Septuagint)
201?: Claudius Galen, b.130?, Greek anatomist: On the Natural Faculties (Loeb)
210-240: Sanhedrin (High Court) of Judaism regularly held in Sepphoris Galilee
212-217: Geta then Caracalla: emperors of Rome
212: "Civis Romanus sum!", Roman citizenship for every free born subject
217-222-230: Pope Callistus I - Pope Urban I
217-236: anti-Pope Hippolytus: bishop of Rome, "Logos" sect
217: Judah Ha-Nasi, "Rabbi", codified Mishnah (200)
218-222: Heliogabalus: emperor of Rome
220: Goths invade Asia Minor and Balkans
220?: Clement of Alexandria, b.150?, bishop, cites "Alexandrian" NT text-type
  & Secret Gospel of Mark & Gospel of the Egyptians; wrote: "Exhortations to
  the Greeks";"Rich Man's Salutation";"To the Newly Baptized"; (Loeb Classics)
222-235: Alexander Severus: emperor of Rome
223?: Tertullian, wr: "de Spectaculis" (Latin): v30.6 cites rumor Jesus son of
  prostitute, coined "New Testament", cites "Western" Gospel text-type (Loeb)
225?: Papyrus 45: 1st Chester Beatty, Gospels (Caesarean), Acts (Alexandrian):
  Mt20:24-32;21:13-19;25:41-26:39; Mk4:36-40;5:15-26,38-6:3,16-25,36-50;7:3-15
  ,25-8:1,10-26,34-9:9,18-31;11:27-12:1,5-8,13-19,24-28; Lk6:31-41,45-7:7;9:26
  -41,45-10:1,6-22,26-11:1,6-25,28-46,50-12:12,18-37,42-13:1,6-24,29-14:10,17-
  33; Jn10:7-25,30-11:10,18-36,42-57; Ac4:27-36;5:10-21,30-39;6:7-7:2,10-21,32
  -41,52-8:1,14-25,34-9:6,16-27,35-10:2,10-23,31-41;11:2-14,24-12:5,13-22;13:6
  -16,25-36,46-14:3,15-23;15:2-7,19-27,38-16:4,15-21,32-40;17:9-17
225?: Papyrus 967: Chester Beatty 9, Greek Ezekiel 11:25-end, ~Codex Vaticanus
230-236-237-250: Pope Pontian - Pope Anterus - Pope Fabian
230-250: Christian council of Rome, Demetrius bishop of Alex. condemns Origen
236-238: Maximinus: emperor of Rome, ends Christian schism in Rome by deport-
  ing Pope Pontian and anti-Pope Hippolytus to Sardinia where they soon die
238-244: Gordian I, II, Balbinus, Pupienus, Gordian III: emperors of Rome
240-250: Christian council of Carthage
240-640: Sanhedrin (High Court) of Judaism regularly held in Tiberias, Galilee
244-249: Philip the Arabian: emperor of Rome
248: Rome celebrates 1,000th anniversary, see 753bce
248: Origen (d.254) writes "Contra Celsus", against Celsus' lost work of 178,
  cites a rumor recorded by Celsus: "Jesus fabricated the account of his birth
  from a virgin. In reality, Jesus' mother was driven out by the carpenter
  husband to whom she was betrothed because she had committed adultery with
  a [Roman] soldier named Panthera [thus the ben Pantere of Jewish sources].
  Left poor and homeless, she gave birth to Jesus in secret. Jesus later spent
  time in Egypt, where he hired himself out as a laborer, learned magic, and
  so came to claim the title of God." [CC1.28-32, Marginal Jew, Meier, p. 223]
249-251: Decius: emperor of Rome
250: Letters of Methodius, Pistis Sophia, Porphyry Tyrius; church fathers
250: Rome steps up persecution of Christians, martyrs revered as saints
250: Diophantus of Alexandria, first book of algebra
250?: Mandeans (followers of John the Baptist) begin compilation of "Ginza"
250?: Papyrus 72: Bodmer 5-11+, pub. 1959, "Alexandrian" text-type: Nativity
  of Mary; 3Cor; Odes of Solomon 11; Jude 1-25; Melito's Homily on Passover;
  Hymn fragment; Apology of Phileas; Ps33,34; 1Pt1:1-5:14; 2Pt1:1-3:18;
250?: Papyrus Chester Beatty: #5:R962: Gn8:13-9:2,24:13-46:33,Enoch91-105;
  #7: I8:18-19:13,38:14-45:5,54:1=60:22; #8: Jr4:30-5:24;
  #10: Dn1-12:13(+Add),Bel4-39,Sus5-end,Esther1:1a-8:6(+Add)
251-253: Gallus: emperor of Rome
251-253-254: Pope Cornelius - Pope Lucius I
251-258: anti-Pope Novatian: decreed no forgiveness for sins after baptism
253-260: Valerian: emperor of Rome, executes all Bishops, Priests and Deacons
254-257: Pope Stephen I: major schism over rebaptizing heretics and apostates
254: Letters of Origen, b.185?, coined "homoousios" or Jesus and God of one
  substance, adopted at Council of Nicaea in 325, compiled "Hexapla": 6 ver-
  sions of LXX side by side: Hebrew, Hebrew transliterated in Greek, Aquila's
  Greek trans., Symmachus' Greek trans., Origen's revised LXX Greek trans.,
  Theodotion's revised LXX; also Quinta/Sexta/Septima trans., Tetragrammaton
  in square Hebrew script; cites "Alexandrian" & "Caesarean" NT text-types;
  Eusebius claimed Or. castrated himself for Christ due to Mt19:12 [EH6.8.1-3]
257-258: Pope Sixtus II: martyred
257: Visigoths and Ostrogoths invade Black Sea area, Franks invade Spain
258: Letters of Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, cites "Western" NT text-type,
  claims Christians are freely forging his letters to discredit him
260-268: Gallienus: emperor of Rome, reverses Valerian, restores Roman church
260-268: Pope Dionysius: rebuilds Roman church after Valerian's massacre
264-268: Christian council on Paul of Samosata, bishop of Antioch, founder of
  Adoptionism: Jesus was human until Holy Spirit descended at his baptism
264?: Letters of Dionysius, bishop of Alexandria, b.190?
268: Goths sack Athens, Sparta, Corinth
268-270: Claudius II: emperor of Rome
269-274: Pope Felix I
270-275: Aurelian: emperor of Rome, "restitutor orbis"
270: Plotinus, Egyptian Neo-Platonic philosopher, wrote in Greek; Loeb: 7v.
271: compass invented in China
275-283: Pope Eutychian: decreed that only beans and grapes be blessed at Mass
275?: Papyrus 47: 3rd Chester Beatty, ~Sinaiticus, Rv9:10-11:3,5-16:15,17-17:2
276-282: Marcus Aurelius Probus: emperor of Rome
276: Mani, b.215, crucified, founder of Manichaean Christian sect in Persia
282-283: Marcus Aurelius Carus: emperor of Rome
283-296: Pope Gaius
284-305: Diocletian: emperor of Rome, notorious persecutor of Christians
285: Roman empire partitioned into Western and Eastern empires
285: Pappus of Alex. describes 5 machines: cogwheel/lever/pulley/screw/wedge
294: Codex Gregorianus: compilation of Roman Law
296-304: Pope Marcellinus: apostate, offered pagan sacrifice for Diocletian
300?: Bohairic Coptic cop(bo) Bible translations written in Alexandria
300?: Hesychius of Alex., martyr, translates Hebrew OT to Greek, lost [Jerome]
300?: Katayayana, a compilation of Indian law
300?: Papyrus Berlin Codex of Greek Genesis; Papyrus Bodmer 24 of Greek
  Psalms; Codex Freer of Greek Minor Prophets; all published in 1927
300?: other 3rd century NT witnesses: P1:Mt1:1-9,12,14-20 P4:Lk1:58-59,62-2:1,
  6-7;3:8-4:2,29-32,34-35;5:3-8,30-6:16 P5:Jn1:23-31,33-40;16:14-30;20:11-17,
  19-20,22-25 P9:1Jn4:11-12,14-17 P12:Hb1:1 P15:1Cr7:18-8:4 P20:Jm2:19-3:9
  P22:Jn15:25-16:2,21-32 P23:Jm1:10-12,15-18 P27:Rm8:12-22,24-27,33-9:3,5-9
  P28:Jn6:8-12,17-22 P29:Ac26:7-8,20 P30:1Th4:12-13,16-17;5:3,8-10,12-18,25-28
  ;2Th1:1-2 P38:Ac18:27-19:6,12-16 P39:Jn8:14-22 P40:Rm1:24-27,31-2:3;3:21-4:8
  ;6:4-5:16;9:16-17:27 P48:Ac23:11-17,23-29 P49:Ep4:16-29,31-5:13 P53:Mt26:29-
  40;Ac9:33-10:1 P65:1Th1:3-2:1,6-13 P69:Lk22:41,45-48,58-61 P70:Mt2:13-16,22-
  3:1;11:26-27;12:4-5;24:3-6,12-15 P80:Jn3:34 P87:Pm13-15,24-25
  #0171:Mt10:17-23,25-32;Lk22:44-56,61-64 #0189:Ac5:3-21 #0220:Rm4:23-5:3,8-13
  #0212(Diatessaron):Mt27:56-57;Mk15:40-42;Lk23:49-51,54;Jn19:38
303-311: last persecution of Christians in Rome
304: Letters of Victor, bishop of Pettau
306-337: Emperor Constantine the Great: converts to Christianity on deathbed
306-312: Maxentius: emperor of Western Roman Empire
306-308: Pope Marcellus I: tried removing prior Pope Marcellinus from official
  records for apostasy, exiled from Rome by Maxentius for disturbing the peace
306: Synod of Elvira prohibits eating, marriage, sex between Christians & Jews
310: Pope Eusebius deported to Sicily with anti-Pope Heraclius by Maxentius
311-314: Pope Miltiades: Constantine gives Fausta's palace as papal residence
312: Lucian, founded Exegetical School of Antioch, revised LXX, martyred
312: Constantine defeats Maxentius at Milvian Bridge, reunites Roman Empire
313: Edict of Milan, Constantine establishes toleration of Christianity
313: Miltiades excommunicates Donatus for requiring rebaptism of apostates
314-335: Pope Silvester I
314: Council of Arles, called by Constantine against Donatist (Donatus) schism
317: Letters of Lactantius, early Christian church father
320: Ko Hung writes "Pao-p'u-tzu" (Master Who Preserves Simplicity)
321: Constantine decrees SUN-day as official Roman-Christian day of rest
325: Council of Nicaea, called by Constantine against Arianism (336), called
  "1st great Christian council" by Jerome, 1st ecumenical, 318 bishops attend
325?: Fayyumic Coptic cop(mf) translation fragment of John 6:11-15:11
325-900: Teotihuacan, ancient Mexican city
331: seat of Roman empire moved to Constantinople (former Greek Byzantium)
334-365: Codex Hermogenianus: compilation of Roman Law
336-337-352-366: Pope Mark - Pope Julius I - Pope Liberius
336: Arius, Greek theologian, b.256?, Arianism: Jesus was a created being
337-350: Roman Empire splits again: Constans emperor of West until 350
337-361: Roman Empire splits again: Constantius II emperor of East until 361
338: Jewish calender modified with different year lengths to correct to Solar
340?: Eusebius of Caesarea, theologian & church historian, cites "Caesarean"
  NT text-type, wrote: "Ecclesiastical History" (EH); Loeb Classics: 2 volumes
  {Papias, bishop of Hierapolis (130?), claims that John the Elder, a disciple
  of Jesus, told him that Mark "was the interpreter of Peter and wrote down
  carefully what he remembered of what had been said or done by the Lord, but
  not in the right order." Also claims that "Matthew composed the sayings in
  Hebrew [more likely Aramaic] and each one translated them as he could."}
  [Ref: EH3.39.15, Unauthorized Version, Fox, p.126-127]  Eusebius' NT Canon:
  Recognized Books: 4 Holy Gospels, Acts, 14 Pauline Epistles, 1Jn, 1Pt;
  Disputed Books: Rev, James, Jude, 2Pt, 2-3Jn, Acts of Paul, Hermas,
  Apocalypse of Peter, Barnabas, Didache, Gospel of the Hebrews; Rejected
  Books: Gospels of Peter, Thomas, Matthias, Acts of Andrew, John ... [EH3.25]
350: Letters of Adamantius, Firmicus Maternus; early Christian church fathers
350?: Codex Sinaiticus (S or <ALEPH>): earliest Christian Bible,
  (LXX - 2-3Maccabees - Psalms of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT + Barnabas + Hermas),
  missing Hermas31.7-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type
350?: Codex Vaticanus (B): earliest Christian Bible (LXX - 1-4Maccabees -
  Psalms of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT), missing Gn1-46:28, Ps105:27-137:6,
  1Tm-Phm, Heb9:14-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type
350?: Papyrus Antinoopolis of Book of Proverbs in Greek, published in 1950
350?: Papyrus Chester Beatty: #4:R961: Greek Gn9:1-44:22; #11: Greek Sir36:28-
  37:22,46:6-47:2; #12: Greek Enoch93:12-13,94:7-8,97:6-104:13,106:1-107:3
350?: Papyrus Bodmer 45-46: Greek Susanna, Daniel 1:1-20 (Theodotion's LXX)
350?: Canon Cheltenham: 24NT books (excludes James, Jude, Hebrews)
350?: Akhmimic cop(ac) & Sub-Akhmimic cop(ac2) Coptic translations of John
350?: Ulfilas, apostle to the Goths (Germans), translates Greek NT to Gothic
350?: Avesta (Zoroastrian texts back to 1,000 bce) compiled in Persia
355-365: anti-Pope Felix II: Arianism (336), supported by Constantius II
360: Huns invade Europe, scrolls begin to be replaced by books (Codex)
361-363: Emperor Julian the Apostate attempts to revive Paganism; Loeb:3v (Gk)
363: Letters of Marius Victorinus, Acacius of Caesarea; early church fathers
363: Council of Laodicea names 26NT books (excludes Revelations)
366-384: Pope Damasus I: hired thugs to massacre rival Ursinians (Liberians)
366-367: anti-Pope Ursinus: leader of supporters of former Pope Liberius
364: Council of Laodicea decrees death for Christians who keep 7th day Sabbath
367: Athanasius, d.373, bishop of Alexandria, first cite of modern 27NT canon
367: Letters of Hilary of Poitiers, Lucifer of Calaris; early church fathers
370: Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, Cyprus; cites 27NT + Wisdom of Solomon
370: Doctrine of Addai at Edessa proclaims 17 book NT canon using Diatessaron
  (instead of the 4 Gospels) + Acts + 15 Pauline Epistles (inc. 3 Corinthians)
373: Letters of Ephraem Syrus, cites "Western" Acts text-type
379-395: Theodosius the Great: last emperor of united empire
378: Letters of Titus of Bostra, Ambrosiaster, Priscillian; church fathers
379?: St. Basil the Great, Greek Christian writer: Loeb Classics has 4 vols.
380: Feb 27, Christianity declared official state religion by Theodosius
381: Council of Theodosius at Const., 2d ecumenical, Jesus had true human soul
382: Pope Damasus I has Jerome begin revision & unification of Latin Bibles
383: Roman legions begin to evacuate Britain
384: Jerome presents Pope Damasus I with new Latin Gospels, originals lost
384-399-401: Pope Siricius (criticized Jerome) - Pope Anastasius I
385: Tao-an, b.312, Chinese Buddhist philosopher
386: Letters of Cyril of Jerusalem, cites "Caesarean" NT text-type
390: Apollinaris of Laodicea, b.310, Jesus had human body but divine spirit
390: Letters of Tyconius, Gregory of Nyssa, Didymus of Alex.; church fathers
391?: Ammianus Marcellinus, b.330, Christian historian, wrote: "Res gestae"
393,397: Augustine's (see 430) Councils, cites exactly 27NT books
395: Theodosius prohibits practice of Pagan rituals including Olympic Games
395: Ausonius, b.310?, Christian governor of Gaul; Loeb Classics 2v (Latin)
396: Alaric, king of the Visigoths, plunders Athens
397: Ambrose, b.333?, bishop & governor of Milan, wrote: "de Fide" ...
397: Ling-pao ching writes "Book of the Sacred Jewel", Taoist philosophy
400-600: era of "aggressive forgeries" in Christian texts [Grant,J.T.S.,1960]
400?: Vulgate Bible (Hebrew OT->Latin, Greek NT->Latin), by Jerome? (340?-420)
  originals lost, Vulgate Latin Text becomes standard Western Christian Bible
400?: Codex Vercellensis it(a): Latin Gospels, of "European" text-type
400?: Peshitta Bible, Syriac (Aramaic) Vulgate, Syr(p), OT + 22 NT, excludes:
  2Pt, 2-3Jn, Jude, Rev; Peshitta becomes standard Syrian Christian Bible
400?: Palestinian Talmud (Mishnah (Oral Law) + Gemara (Mishnah commentary))
400?: Pericope of the Adulteress, John 7:53-8:11, added to Bible [Jerome,(D)]
400?: Codex Bobiensis it(k): ~half of Mt/Mk in Latin, "African" (Carthage)
  text-type, has "shorter" ending of Mark after Mk16:8: {But they reported
  briefly to Peter & those with him all that they had been told. & after this
  Jesus himself sent out by means of them, from east to west, the sacred and
  imperishable proclamation of eternal slavation.} [Text.Com., Metzger, p.123]
400?: Jerome cites "expanded" ending of Mark found in (W) after Mk16:14: {And
  they excused themselves, saying, "This age of lawlessness and unbelief is
  under Satan, who does not allow the truth & power of God to pervail over the
  unclean things of the spirits [or does not allow what lies under the unclean
  spirits to understand the truth & power of God]. Therefore reveal thy right-
  eousness now" - thus they spoke to Christ. And Christ replied to them, "The
  term of years of Satan's power has been fulfilled, but other terrible things
  draw near. And for those who have sinned I was delivered over to death, that
  they many inherit the spirtual & incorruptible glory of righteousness which
  is in heaven."} [A Textual Commentary on the Greek NT, Bruce Metzger, p.124]
401-417: Pope Innocent I: decreed Roman custom the norm for Christianity
401: Visigoths invade Italy
403: Letters of Epiphanius of Constantia, John Chrysostom; church fathers
405?: Prudentius, b.348, greatest Christian Latin poet; Loeb Classics: 2 vols.
408?: Claudian, b.370?, Roman poet; Loeb Classics: 2 volumes
410: Alaric, king of the Visigoths, sacks Rome
410: beginnings of Alchemy
413: Kumarajira, b.334, Chinese Buddhist philosopher
414: Letters of Nicetas of Remesiana, Orosius; early Christian church fathers
414: Seng-chao, b.384, Chinese Buddhist philosopher, "Book of Chao"
415: Bishop Cyril of Alex. (444) expels Jews, kills Hypatia with oyster shells
416: Visigoths take Spain
416?: C.R. Namatianus, last Pagan Latin poet, wrote: "de Reditu Suo"
417: Hui-yuan, b.334, Chinese Buddhist philosopher
417-418-422-432: Pope Zosimus - Pope Boniface I - Pope Celestine I
418-419: anti-Pope Eulalius
418: Franks take Gaul
420: St. Jerome, (S.E. Hieronymus), b.340?, Latin scholar; (Loeb Classics)
423: Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, notes Tatian's Harmony (170) in heavy use
427?: Ashi, head of Sura Yeshiva, "Rabbana", began compilation of Bab. Talmud
429: Picts and Scots expelled from southern England by Anglo-Saxon-Jutes
430: St. Augustine, b.354, origin of "Original Sin," church father & philo-
  sopher, wrote: "The City of God", "Confessions"; Loeb Classics 10 v. (Latin)
430: Letters of Marcus Eremita, Nilus of Ancyra; Christian church fathers
431: Council of Ephesus: 3d ecumenical;decreed Mary: Mother of God (Theotokos)
431: Letters of Nonnus of Panopolis, John Cassian; Christian church fathers
431: Syrian Christianity splits into East (Nestorian) and West (Jacobites)
432-440-461-468: Pope Sixtus III - Pope Leo I - Pope Hilarus
432: St. Patrick begins mission in Ireland
433-453: Attila the Hun: b.406?, "Scourge of the Gods"
434: Chu Tao-sheng, b.360?, Chinese Buddhist philosopher
439: Codex Theodosianus: compilation of Roman Law
444: Letters of Cyril of Alexandria, Arnobius the Younger; church fathers
450?: Mark's Resurrection of Jesus, Mark 16:9-20, added to Bible [(A),(D),(W)]
450?: Codex Alexandrinus (A): (LXX - 1-2Maccabees + 14_Church_Odes + 27NT +
  1-2Clement), missing 1K12:17-14:9, Ps49:20-79:11, Psalms of Solomon,
  Mt1-25:6, Jn6:50-8:52, 2Cr4:13-12:6, 1Clement57.7-63.4, 2Clement12.5b-end;
  of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type
450?: Codex Bezae (D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; Codex Washingtonianus (W):
  Greek Gospels; both of "Western" text-type: "fondness for paraphrase"
450?: Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus (C): Greek LXX + 27NT, many gaps
450?: Codex Marchalianus (Q): Greek LXX + Luke + John, many gaps
450?: Codex Ambrosianus (F): Greek Genesis to Joshua
450?: Codex Freer: Greek Deuteronomy and Joshua
450?: Codex Colberto-Sarravianus: Origen's Greek Hexapla LXX of Gen-Judg
450?: Codex Palatinus it(e): Latin Gospels, "African" (Carthage) text-type
450?: Codex Veronensis it(b): Latin Gospels, "European/Vulgate" text-type
450?: Syr(pal), Palestinian Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, of "Caesarean" text-type
450?: std. Aramaic Targums, T. Onkelos of Torah, T. Jonathan of Prophets
451: Council of Chalcedon: 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is 2 natures, both
  human and divine, in one; a compromise solution of Jesus god/man schisms
451: Nestorius of Constantinople, Nestorians: Mary was *not* "Mother of God"
451: Letters of Hesychius, Quodvultdeus; early Christian church fathers
454: Eutyches of Constantinople, Monophysites: Jesus was divine but not human
455: Vandals sack Rome (it was becoming the thing to do)
457-474: Pope Leo I becomes emperor of remaining (eastern) Roman empire
463: Letters of Prosper of Aquitaine, early Christian church father
466: Letters of Shenute of Atripe, Theodoret of Cyrrhus; early church fathers
468-483-492: Pope Simplicius - Pope Felix III
470: flowering of Mayan city culture in southern Mexico
474-491: Zeno: eastern Roman emperor
476: official end of western Roman empire, last emperor Romulus Augustulus
478: first Shinto shrines in Japan
483-492: Pope Felix III
484-519: Acacian schism: over "Henoticon" divides Western and Eastern churches
484: Letters of Vigilius of Thapsus, early Christian church father
489: Zeno destroys Nestorian(451) school at Edessa, erects Church of St.Simeon
491: Armenian Church secedes from East (Byzantium) and West (Rome) churches
491-518: Anastasius I: eastern Roman emperor
492-496-498: Pope Gelasius I (1st 'Vicar of Christ') - Pope Anastasius II
498: Nestorians (451) settle in Nisibis, Persia
498-514-523-526: Pope Symmachus - Pope  Hormisdas - Pope John I
498-506: anti-Pope Lawrence: Lawrentian schism
500: incense introduced in Christian church service, first plans of Vatican
500: Tamo brings tea from India to China
500?: Codex Sangallensis vg<SIGMA>: earliest extant Latin Vulgate, Gospels
500?: Codex Argenteus (got): earliest nearly complete Gothic (German), Gospels
500?: Codex Cottonianus: Greek Genesis
502: Narsai of Mealletha, Syrian poet, heads Nestorian school in Nisibis(498)
518-527: Justin I: emperor of Byzantine (former eastern Roman) empire
524: Boethius, b.480?, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote: "Theological
  Tractates", "Consolation of Philosophy"; (Loeb Classics) (Latin)
525: Dionysius Exiguus sets Christian calendar (a.d.) & Jesus birth @ 23Dec1ce
526-530-532-535: Pope Felix IV - Pope Boniface II - Pope John II
527-565: Justinian the Great: Byzantine emperor
527: Letters of Fulgentius, early Christian church father
529: Justinian closes 1000yr Athen's School of Philosophy, declared Paganistic
529-534: "Corpus Juris Civilis", a compilation of Roman law by Tribonian
530: anti-Pope Dioscorus
533: N. Africa captured by Belisarius from Vandals, becomes Byzantine province
534-870: Malta becomes Byzantine province
535-536-537: Pope Agapitus I - Pope Silverius
535: Synod of Clermont excludes Jews from public office
537-555: Pope Vigilius: involved in death of Pope Silverius, conspired with
  Justinian and Theodora, excommunicated by N. African bishops in 550 ...
  [Ref: Oxford Dictionary of Popes, 1986, ISBN:0-19-213964-9]
538: 3d Synod of Orleans requires Jews to remain indoors during "Passion Week"
539-562: war between Byzantine Empire and Persia
541-546: Codex Fuldensis vg(F): Latin Vulgate, 27NT + Epistle to Laodiceans
542: plague in Constantinople from Egyptian and Syrian rats, spreads to Europe
543: Justinian condemns Origen (254), disastrous earthquakes hit the world
544: Justinian condemns the "3 Chapters" of Theodore of Mopsuestia (d.428)
  and other writings of "2-natures" Christology of Council of Chalcedon (451)
547: Pope Vigilius issues "Iudicatum" supporting Justinian's anti- "2-natures"
547: plague, medically described by Gildas, reaches Britain
548: Letters of Apringius Pacensis, early Christian church father
550-1453: Medieval Greek of Constantinople (Byzantium) becomes standard Greek
550: Byzantine Greek Text, standard Eastern Bible, much smoothing & conflation
550: St. David converts Wales to Christianity, crucifix becomes Christian icon
550?: Codex Claromontanus (Dp): Greek/Latin Pauline Epistles + Canon of ~250ce
  lists 27NT+Barnabas+Hermas+Acts_of_Paul+Apocalypse_of_Peter; "Western" type
550?: Codex Mediolanensis vg(M): Latin Vulgate Gospels
550?: Codex Veronensis: Greek & Old Latin Psalms
552: Emperor Shotoko Taishi introduces Buddhism into Japan
552: Justinian sends Christian missionaries to China & Ceylon to get silkworm
553: silk industry monopoly established in Byzantine empire
555: 2nd Council of Constantinople: 5th ecumenical, called by Justinian
556-561: Pope Pelagius I: selected by Justianian, endorsed "Iudicatum" (547)
561-574: Pope John III: authorized by Justianian
565-578: Justin II: Byzantine emperor
567: Letters of Primasius, Cassiodorus; early Christian church fathers
572-628: war between Byzantine Empire and Persia
575-579: Pope Benedict I: authorized by Justin II
578-582: Tiberius II: Byzantine emperor
579-590: Pope Pelagius II: died of plague
581-618: Sui dynasty of China
582-602: Maurice: Byzantine emperor
587: Visigoths of Spain converted to Christianity
589: Lombards of Italy converted to Christianity
590: plague in Rome
590-604: Pope Gregory I
594: end of plague which began in 542 and *halved* the population of Europe!
595: 1st authenticated record of decimal number system (0-9) appears in India
596: St. Augustine of Canterbury sent to convert Britain to Christianity
600: Babylonian Talmud (Mishnah(Oral Law) + Gemara(Mishnah commentary)); Ashi
600: Antara ibn Shaddad, one of seven great Islamic poets
600: Pope Gregory "strives" to convert the Jews to Christianity
600: book printing in China
600?: Codex Harleianus vg(Z): Latin Vulgate Gospels
600?: Codex Philoxenian/Harclean Syr(ph/h): Syriac 27NT, "Western" text-type
602-610: Phocas: kills Maurice, becomes Byzantine emperor
604-606-607-615: Popes Sabinian, Boniface III, Boniface IV; author. by Phocas
606: standard examinations for public office in China
609: Roman Pantheon (a Pagan Temple) renamed Church of Santa Maria Rotonda
610-641: Heraclius: kills Phocas, becomes Byzantine emperor
610: Muhammad's vision on Mount Hira
614: Persians take Damascus and Jerusalem and "Holy Cross of Christ"
615: earliest records of some of Muhammad's teachings
615-618: Pope Deusdedit
616: Persians take Egypt
618-907: T'ang dynasty of China
619-625: Pope Boniface V: authorized by Heraclius
619: "Suan-Ching", ten classics, textbooks used for Chinese exams (606)
622: first year in Muslim calendar, The Hegira, 1a.h., (a.h. = anno hegirae)
622-680: Monothelite controversy: condemned at 6th Ecum. Council of Const.
624: Muhammad marries Aisha, daughter of Abu Bekr
625-638: Pope Honorius I
625: Paulinus of Rome comes to convert Northumbria to Christianity
625: Muhammad begins dictation of Qur'an (Koran) to his scribe
625: Brahmagupta, mathematician of India, teaches at Ujjain
626: King Edwin of Northumbria founds Edinburgh and begins Christianization
627: Byzantines defeat Persians at Nineveh, discover Indian sugar cane
628: Emperor Heraclius wins back "Cross of Christ" from Persians (614)
628: Muhammad captures Mecca & writes to rulers of the world explaining Islam
629: Heraclius recovers Jerusalem from Persians
629: Pope Honorius I sides with Emperor Heraclius and Monothelites (622)
632: East Anglia Christianized
632: Muhammad, b. 570?, Arab prophet and founder of Islam
632: Abu Bekr, first Islamic Caliph, seat at Medina
634: Omar I, 2d Caliph, takes Syria/Persia/Egypt;defeats Heraclius in Holy War
635: Christianization of Wessex
635-750: Damascus becomes capital of Islamic Caliphs
636: Southern Irish Church submits to Roman Catholicism
637: Jerusalem captured by Islam
638: Emp. Heraclius' "Ecthesis", decrees Christ of one nature: "Monothelites"
640: Pope Severinus
640: Library of Alexandria, "The Center of Western Culture," with 300,000
  ancient papyrus scrolls, is completely destroyed.